Safe Sex Essay Example

Safe Sex Essay Safe Sex or Protected Sex is a lot of practices that got noticeable in the late 1980’s because of the AIDS pandemic (Wikipedia). Safe sex rehearses are intended to lessen the danger of getting a disease during sex (Wikipedia). These days, because of an expansion in chance taking conduct where sex is concerned, safe sex rehearses are utilized to forestall various contaminations regularly known as Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI’s) or Diseases (STD’s), which come as HIV (which would later on bring about AIDS), herpes, gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, and genital moles to give some examples. STI’s are contracted by means of a trade of natural liquid through sexual contact with a contaminated individual (STD Public Information Source). This paper will take the peruser through the different strategies for safe sex, just as the advantages and dangers that accompany each. Forbearance Good judgment would disclose to us that anticipation is the best fix, therefore forbearance would be the most idiot proof of all sheltered sex strategies. Restraint basically would mean abstaining from taking part in sexual action totally (Wikipedia), however from a wellbeing outlook it would mean keeping away from both butt-centric and vaginal intercourse (Sexual Health Information). We will compose a custom exposition test on Safe Sex explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Safe Sex explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Safe Sex explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Restraint would appear to be the best preventive measure against STI’s given that whenever followed effectively, it ought not allow any trade of natural liquids between two parties.â Members of strict associations that don't put stock in intercourse before marriage, just as by concerned guardians and citizenry normally advocate this strategy. In spite of the fact that as opposed to prevalent thinking, restraint doesn't ensure 100% assurance against STI’s (Sexual Health Information). Contaminations can even now be passed starting with one accomplice then onto the next if on account of â€Å"outercourse†, or non penetrative sex, there is genital to genital contact or if discharge happens outwardly of the vagina (Sexual Health Information). In addition, a few contaminations, for example, crabs or herpes can likewise be gone only through skin-to-skin contact, without a trade of organic liquids (Sexual Health Information). Monogamy Another powerful method to forestall STI’s is go into a monogamous relationship or to participate in intercourse with just a solitary accomplice, who thusly won't take part in sex with some other accomplice (Royal Adelaide Hospital). This technique is clear as crystal. As referenced above, STI’s are gone on through trade of organic liquids with a tainted accomplice, in this way there would be practically zero danger of disease should one be cautious in choosing one’s accomplice and if the two gatherings training monogamy steadfastly (Royal Adelaide Hospital). Despite the fact that before going into a genuine relationship wherein one or the two gatherings have occupied with sexual relations with different accomplices preceding entering the relationship, it would likewise be fitting to get tried before taking part in sex just because. Preventative Measures For the individuals who can't preclude themselves the rush from claiming participating in sexual relations with easygoing and various accomplices, there are additionally various approaches to forestall getting a STI. Preceding taking part in any type of intercourse with another accomplice or colleague or with somebody known to have had numerous accomplices, it is fitting to converse with one’s accomplice about STI’s and ask whether the person has been tried (STD Public Health Information). One may likewise look at said accomplice for indications of disease first (Royal Adelaide Hospital). STI’s typically show as injuries, redness, knocks or abnormal release in the genital region (STD Public Health Information). Should one notification any of these signs on their accomplice, it is supported that any type of liquid trade be maintained a strategic distance from until the other party has been tried. Also, after unprotected intercourse with an easygoing accomplice, looking for clinical assessment before any further sexual action would be an insightful choice (Royal Adelaide Hospital). Diminishing the quantity of one’s sexual accomplices would likewise help decrease the dang er of STI’s (Wikipedia). Other prophylactic gadgets can likewise be utilized as preventive measures against STI’s. The utilization of a latex condom during any type of sex is enthusiastically suggested (Wikipedia). Should one take part in intercourse with various accomplices, the utilization of condoms during each sexual experience would enormously diminish the danger of contamination (Royal Adelaide Hospital). Accomplices may likewise utilize a female condom. A dental dam, or a sheet of latex, is additionally successful in forestalling STI’s from getting passed on during oral sex (Wikipedia). The latex sheet (or one may even utilize plastic wrap) will forestall infection measured particles from being passed from accomplice to accomplice (Wikipedia). The utilization of gloves made of latex, vinyl or polyurethane during common masturbation will likewise keep diseases from being moved through minuscule cuts on the hand (Wikipedia). Living Responsibly Well beyond all the sheltered sex measures, being mindful with regards to taking part in sexual relations would be the most ideal approach. Carrying on with a solid sexual way of life by getting tried for diseases or getting registration now and then would not be an impractical notion. Explicitly dynamic ladies who visit their gynecologists consistently can likewise get tried for STI’s as well as for different inconveniences, for example, cervical or ovarian malignant growth. A similar counsel would apply to men where prostate malignant growth is included. Becoming more acquainted with one’s accomplice sincerely first, instead of genuinely would likewise diminish the danger of getting a STI, and could likewise thusly be the way in to an increasingly significant relationship. Maintaining a strategic distance from contribution with shaky conduct, for example, easygoing sex, participating in single night rendezvous, bashes, swinging, polygamy, or medication admission would diminish wellbeing risks and enormously help in forestalling the spread of HIV and different perilous contaminations. References: Safe sex. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 29 Nov 2006. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 30 Nov 2006. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Safe_sexoldid=90801575 â€Å"Sexually Transmitted Diseases.† STD Public Information Source. 30 Nov 2006. Sexual Health Resource. 30 Nov 2006. http://www.sexual-wellbeing resource.org/std.htm#protection â€Å"Abstinence.† Sexual Health Information, University of Saskatchewan. Understudy Central. 30 Nov 2006. http://students.usask.ca/health/data/sexual/restraint/ â€Å"Prevention of STD’s.† Royal Adelaide Hospital Sexually Transmitted Diseases Services. 21 Aug 2006. Sexually transmitted disease Services. 30 Nov 2006. http://www.stdservices.on.net/sexually transmitted disease/counteraction/prevention.htm

The indigenous cultures of the Americas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The indigenous societies of the Americas - Essay Example As indicated by the antiquarians, Holmberg invested his energy during the 1940s among the Sirono clans and chose to consider them the most socially in reverse individuals in the whole world. He expressed that these clans had no religion, no workmanship or structure, no instruments, no household creatures and no garments, and lived in steady yearning and need. They couldn’t even make the most of fire or to three. Mann chose to contend against these discoveries with profound regard. He expressed that Holmberg imagined that the individuals before Columbus had no genuine history, while he didn't consider that individuals before Columbus were simply abused survivors and had been completely crushed with the smallpox and flu during the 1920s. Mann point by point his own involvement in the pre-Columbian occasions history inside the article that he talked about in his book, as per which he said that during his occasions in the secondary school, he discovered that the Indians approached the place where there is Americas more than 12000 years back over the Bering Strait, and these Indians lived in disconnected and little gatherings and had practically no effect over nature. Accordingly, the place that is known for Americas stayed wild and fruitless considerably following quite a while of home. In the presentation of his book, he contrasts his examination and Holmberg’s and at first it appears as though both are two unique pieces inside and out. In any case, in the wake of perusing the whole book, it becomes clear that the examination of anthropologists had come up to wrong resolutions. The best slip-up as indicated by Mann is the presumption that numerous students of history made accepting that the Indians had no histo ry before the appearance of Columbus on the landmass. Mann took a gander at the history before Columbus from different purposes of perspectives, and wound up making a particular sort of anthropological unrest. As per the examinations that he made about the life of the peers and the field of culture indicated that the Indians took legitimate and

Said No UGA Admissions Counselor Ever - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Said No UGA Admissions Counselor Ever - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Said No UGA Admissions Counselor Ever In the UGA Admissions Office, there are some things we will never say no matter what. Some people will ask questions hoping for one of these answers, but you will not hear us give an answer (at least not the one some people expect). I sometimes feel like Dr. Seuss in Green Eggs and Ham, (paraphrasing) I will not say that in a house, I will not say that with a mouse. I will not say that here or there, I will not say that anywhere. Here are some of the top things we would never say: Sure, I can tell you whether to apply Early Action or Regular Decision. This is a choice that needs to be made by the student, as it is a timing issue, not an issue that impacts the chances of admission. Of course I can tell you what classes to take for the next year (or the next four/eight/twelve years). While we know a great deal about high school classes, we are not an expert on what your school offers, when the courses are available, what you want to take and/or your academic preparation for courses. This is best decided upon after the student and family speak with their HS counselor. Take the easiest courses so you can make the best grades possible. We want you to challenge yourself to the best of your ability while still doing well in your classes. You need to prepare yourself for the UGA classroom experience, and the best way to do that is to take strong courses. The SAT/ACT scores are the most important thing to UGA Admissions. While test scores get the most publicity, our first focus is how you do in the classroom and the courses you are taking in high school (see #3 again). Sure, go ahead and cut back on your academic schedule so that you can add another activity. Academics come first. Let me repeat, academics come first. If you are struggling with being overloaded, I suggest looking at cutting back on an extra-curricular activity, not academics. You will thank us sometime during your first semester in college. You need to make XXXX on the SAT/ACT to get admitted to UGA. UGA does not have a required SAT or ACT score needed for admission, no matter what your neighbor/friend/family member says. It is no problem if you wait until the last minute to do things. Waiting until the last minute to apply or send in materials is just asking for something to go wrong. Please give your counselors and teachers time to send in items, as they have enough stressful issues on their plates without this. Yes, I can guess about whether you will be admitted or not. Here is the big one! We cannot guess about an admission decision, sorry. We just cannot predict what the overall applicant pool will be like year to year and how you fall into the group. P.S.-this applies for both freshman and transfers. I hope this lists helps everyone understand why we will not say certain things or answer some specific questions, or why we redirect some questions back to the student for the best answer. If I think of any other things we would never say, I will add them to the list! Go Dawgs!

Apple’s motivation system - 1258 Words

Apple’s motivation system I. Why is Apple tops in its industry. Apple, a technology company that produces smart phones, tablets and portable music players, the retail stories has been in existence since 2001 and now has 394 stores worldwide with over 76100 employees in 14 countries, is considered to be the most successful electronics company in the world. As the most innovative and admired company in the world, what’s the key element of Apple’s success? It’s success owning to its relentless pursuit of customer delighting innovation and its excellent sales group. An innovative organizations like Apple that employees’ (especially those in RD department) motivation is a key success factor and hence the employees plays a significant role†¦show more content†¦IV. How do Apple’s reward system motivate employees? It’s not a secret that Apple has plentiful rewards for its employee, however, the aim of distributing the rewards is to get high performance from employees. Then, how does Apple use rewards to get innovation and productivity from employees? I think this question needs to relate to Apple’s corporate philosophy—building a performance culture, which requires significant differentiation based on performance, and it’s clear that in this culture, the top performers and those who are working on mission-critical products are treated significantly differently. The rewards for motivating top executives The rewards for executives are stock option and bonus, since stock option, which cannot be sell at one time, as a primary motivator could forces executives to focus on the company’s performance. Because the company’s performance and its stock price are tied tightly up with the money he or she could get. (e.g. Apple rewarded executives with $ 60 million stock granted in 2011 before the launching of iPhone 5) The rewards for motivating full-time employees The rewards for full-time employees vary from additional vacationShow MoreRelatedInstagram1918 Words   |  8 Pagesmeet ups, got interested in his idea and agreed to invest $250,000 needed to start the company with the only condition, he wanted Systrom to bring in cofounder. He contacted Mike Krieger, another Stanford graduate with a majored degree in symbolic system, and proposed to join Burbn as cofounder. Mike got interested in this offer. It was the first check in service that he actually liked, so he accepted the offer. Systrom was able to identify a gap in a market place; it was decided to create photo-Read MoreCisco Systems, Inc.: Collaborating on New Product Introduction12030 Words   |  49 PagesCASE: GS-66 DATE: 06/05/09 CISCO SYSTEMS, INC.: COLLABORATING ON NEW PRODUCT INTRODUCTION On November 13, 2007, more than 100 employees of Cisco Systems, Inc. assembled in classic Cisco fashion: they dialed in from multiple locations around the world for an important meeting. The purpose of the gathering was to get the green light from senior management to manufacture a new high-end router that would make the giant networking company more competitive in an age of surging Internet traffic

North American P-51 Mustang Fighter

Sunny Delight Free Essays

They first released an advert that was a national phenomenon and it sold lots of bottles. Sunny D claimed it tasted as good as Coke but also a healthy alternative that would clench the thirst of children. The advert was so powerful that it became the nation’s 3rd bestselling drink in 3 months of being released and in 1 999; it sold 200 million bottles in the year, leading to large supermarkets doubling and tripling their orders. We will write a custom essay sample on Sunny Delight or any similar topic only for you Order Now The reason it was so good was because it claimed it was fresh and fresh means healthy so parents anted to buy them for their kids because they wanted drinks to be healthy and good for their kids and that is what it seemed. However, people started reading the labels and telling other people to read the label which lead to lots Of people finding bad things about Sunny Delight. People started finding out that Sunny D had only 5% juice and the other 95% was things like water, food coloring and other dodgy things. There was also a high amount of sugar which parents didn’t want. After finding this out, parents started buying alternatives. One day a 4 year old girl from Wales who drank a litter and a half f Sunny D a day woke up one day and found her skin had turned orange and got sent to hospital. By the time 2001 came around, their sales have halved and they went from 3rd in the UK to 42nd in the space of 3 years. Sales have never recovered from it. If Sunny Delight were to release another advert, they would need to change their company to become healthier; they also need to not put as much sugar in each bottle. They need to be patient, to slowly get their customers trust back again. Their adverts should be truthful and not claim to be something they’re not. How to cite Sunny Delight, Papers

Terminator and the Matrix Essay Example

Terminator and the Matrix Essay The dictionary term for stereotyping is a fixed image or idea of a type of person or thing that is widely held. Stereotyping was very popular towards women before the 1980s. This was called sexism. Women were treated very badly for instance there was talk of a glass ceiling, this was a term used to describe how women were prevented to reach top positions. Stereotyping can be used in a number of ways. One way was in films, such as Legally Blond and Miss Congeniality. The act of stereotyping in the film Legally Blond is when a woman is portrayed as a Barbie doll. Then takes advantage of her looks and uses it to get what she wants. Soon after she was finally, respected or her brain than her choice of style. However Miss Congeniality is known for a different and unexpected type of stereotyping. This time the main character was shown quite manly. Subsequently she went through a process of becoming very feminine. Those films prove that it might be difficult but woman can do practically anything that men can do. We will write a custom essay sample on Terminator and the Matrix specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Terminator and the Matrix specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Terminator and the Matrix specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In both films the Terminator and the Matrix stereotyping has been used frequently and very blatantly. For instance in the film Terminator, Sarah Connor is represented as a typical girlish woman. This is revealed the audience when her only outfits are mostly pink. In contrast to Sarah, Trinity has been represented stereotypically as well, however in the complete opposite of Sarah Connor. For example she has been shown very manly and heroic, this through the CGI which makes trinity perform special powers. Also the choice of Trinitys name is ironic because it is quite feminine, which would be given to someone who is very womanly. Whereas at the, beginning of the film Trinity comes across as a dark and mysterious person. This is given away in different aspects of he the film such as in the intro the soundtrack is very tense and wiry. The director also made the music fast and high tuned during the chase scene between Trinity and Mr Smith. This emphasises the fact that there is action going on. The effect of this can let the viewers really feel and imagine what Trinity is thinking and doing. Following a different area of the film the lighting reveals a lot about Trinitys personality. When introducing the film it is very dark and spooky with a few spot lights from the policemens torches. This achieves the introduction of Trinity to be very dark and tense. It also gives the setting a very scary atmosphere; this edges the reader to anticipate what, might happen next. The lighting, as well, is very dim in the first shot of her. This shows Trinity to be androgynous; it creates a sense of mystery to what sex she is. And as it changes to a close up shot of Trinity confirms that she is a woman. It also reveals in that scene that she is calm and in control, even though there was many police men with guns right behind her. However she still seems to be androgynous through her choice of costume and make up. For instance in a shot of Trinity she is wearing a P.V.C, black cat suit which represents her strength and power. This is also expressed from the bold, strong colour of her black clothes. Even when she goes out, other than wearing a dress, she still dresses down by wearing the same colours and no jewellery. This gives the audience an impression of how mature, independent and strong she is. She is, coincidently as the men around her, this shows the director wanted to present that Trinity is no different to any one else. Her natural use of make-up portrays her as a man, such as the way she always has her hair tied back even in a club. This explains to us that she doesnt look like shes trying to impress or attract any one. I think the director did this whole plain look of Trinity to make people see how different women have different qualities. The special effects used in the Matrix lets Trinity seem very heroic. This done through CGI, computer generate imagery. One example of this is when she could jump a long distance, from one building to another. The CGI used in this is demonstrating that gravity has no effect on trinity. Whereas the police men chasing after her didnt even try to imitate trinity because they knew it was impossible. This proves that Trinity has the ability to do skills that men cant do, let alone skills that are ridiculously not possible to humans. Therefore she is superhuman. For instance Trinity uses her own powers instead of using and relying on guns, which is a contrast to the policemen. This gives the viewers an impression that women can be stronger than men. Another way that showed Trinity to be heroic is when Trinity manages to get out of a situation when she was about to give up. By persuading and forcing her to overcome her fear and carry on. This will most likely inspire women all over the worl d to be just like her. On the other hand Sarah is a complete different character to Trinity. This time, Sarah has been shown different in ways that are quite sexiest. Starting of with the soundtrack, this was very gentle in the introduction of Sarah Connor. I think the director did this so that Sarah can come across very innocent and sweet almost like a child. However as the viewer gets into the film the music changes into heart beat sound while Sarah walks outside by herself at night. This gives a tense atmosphere and makes you feel as if something is going to happen. We also get the sense that Sarah feels the same, thats why she went into a night club. Coincidently it has a lot of people in it. The atmosphere in the club was very jumpy. It had fast music and flashing lights which reveals how desperate Sarah might have felt. The fact that she has to go to a club shows she doesnt have enough confidence and the ability to defend herself. Therefore she is exposed to be a helpless victim. However she also sho ws some intelligence because Sarah probably knew that whoevers behind her has a less chance of capturing her in a crowed place. I think the director used the lighting to make Sarah seem even more ladylike. For instance, in one scene as she goes to work the lighting is very bright and sunny. Also the music almost sounds like s harmony. This emphasises Sarahs feminist side. The directors decision of clothing is very such as in her job, the colours used in Sarahs outfits are very feminine. She constantly wears pink for instance the first shot of her is in a soft pink jacket. This gives the impression of Sarah gentle, calm and soft. Her uniform is quite skimpy and pink as well, which is not a unisex colour therefore the job of waiting in a fast food restaurant was often only meant for women also that Sarah doesnt mind. Finally her nightgown has cartoon characters, of the Jetsons, on it. This tells us that she is immature and childlike. Plus she uses a lot of make-up. I know this from a scene where he adds on more make-up no top of the make-up she already has on just because she is going out. The whole image of he was down so that she portrayed as a dome blond. Since this was made in the 1980s I think women were preceded that way. I n Sarahs case no special effects were used this demonstrate that she is ordinary, normal and just like us. However there were different ways in showing what Sarah is like. In the scene where Sarah is in a night club she tries to call someone. I suppose the phone symbolises how scared she is and how frantic she is for help. Also the scene before she goes to work she talks to a statue, this stresses the point that she is very juvenile and babyish. If we compare the two we find out that they both conflict each other. And they both represent their character in different ways, for instance Trinity is shown to be very independent and strong. Such as in a scene a police man is being patronises towards Trinity by saying whats one little girl going to do. This is ironic because later on Trinity manages to defend herself. By attacking about half a dozen police men, which each had a gun, and out run them to. Also in the club scene, when Trinity meets Neo, Neo is shocked to find out that Trinity was actually a girl. This is made known when he says youre Trinity? This is stereotyping Trinitys abilities, which reveals that Neo is quiet sexist, that he thinks only a job like cracking into computers is done by men. Sarahs character can be known in the scene where her boyfriend cancelled on her up but yet she didnt react like an upset girlfriend would do, this shows a weakness to her personality that she is too lenient. It also seems like they both live in parallel worlds. This highlights the point of how the world has changed from 1980 to the 1990s. And how it has grown from women being stereotyped to them gaining the rights they deserve.

Networking essays

Networking essays THE PEARL by John Steinbeck. Written in 1940 and published in 1947, The Pearl is another of Steinbecks novels, which tells the great American dream. The English he uses, as in most of his books, is fairly simple. The message that he attempts to put through to the reader, which makes this short and effortlessly understandable. Steinbecks protagonists comprise of Kino, a young Mexican fisherman, and his poverty-stricken family, consisting of Juana (his wife) and Coyotito (his baby boy). The story begins set in the bare darkness of the interior of Kinos mud hut, where the family awakens before the dawning of each day to perform their retual of preparing and eating corn cakes-the familys staple. Their living quarters is situated next to the Gulf of Mexico, where Kino would go out to dive for oysters and catch his familys next meal. Every single day he dreams of finding the great pearl, whom everybody believes, will make him rich. It is the incident of his sons illness that puts the fire and sense of urgency in his heart to search for the prized object. The author drawn comparison to the American dream: To gain material wealth, obtain success. Ironically, when Kino does find the Pearl, it is to his great disappointment, too large and virtually worthless. Kino, as a character, is represented by Steinbeck, as the general American public of his day, where innocent victims compromise their moral values. His dream blinds him to greed and suspicions of his neighbors. Even Juana, is unable to temper his obsession and the events leading to tragedy. Kino eventually comes to realize that material wealth is nothing when you vision of good and evil. John Steinbeck was able to write The Pearl in the style of a folktale by keeping it short. By doing that, he made it is easier to keep in the memory, to pass it down to the next generation. Storys characters are common everyday people. ...

The ULTIMATE Guide to KDP How to Succeed on Kindle Direct Publishing

The ULTIMATE Guide to KDP How to Succeed on Kindle Direct Publishing The Ultimate Guide to KDP: How to Succeed on Kindle Direct Publishing What do Andy Weir and Luke Jennings have in common? Not much - at least until self-publishing through Amazon changed their lives. Jennings, with his Booker Prize nomination, already belonged in the writerly mainstream. Weir, on the other hand, wrote code before he ever wrote novels, learning C as a teenager to work with combustion researchers.Since then, both have released books through Amazon’s self-publishing platform, Kindle Direct Publishing. Jennings’ novella, Codename Villanelle, became the basis for the acclaimed BBC thriller Killing Eve. Weir, meanwhile, saw his first novel, The Martian, turned into a Matt Damon blockbuster by the same name.Amazon turned a journalist and a programmer into international publishing sensations. Want to succeed on KDP like they did? Let’s take a look at everything you’d need to do to make this powerful sales platform work for you. Before we're done, we'll turn the killer book you wrote into a self-published bestseller . How do you turn the book you wrote into a self-published bestseller? How to sell ebooks on AmazonYou’re here because you want to sell as many copies of your book as possible. You might think that’s easier said than done. But truthfully, the formula behind making book sales is simple: Traffic x Conversion = Sales.Traffic gets eyeballs on your book, while conversion turns those gawkers into buyers. On its own, traffic does nothing for your bottom line. Every internet-user in California could find your book page in the same afternoon, but their 18 million clicks will only frustrate you if none of those virtual window-shoppers turns into an actual shopper. On the flip side, you might have a book page so bewitching that everyone who finds it compulsively mashes the orange buy button. But if only three people ever stumble on your page, your black-magic conversion rate still only nets you three sales.Both factors go into making sales. But on Amazon specifically, conversion is more important. You see, Amazon, on top of being a search engine, is also a book recommendation tool. It makes and sends book suggestions to users based on their browsing and shopping history. Most huge Amazon success stories happened because, at some point, Amazon started marketing their book for them. So how can you get them to do the same for your book?Well, Amazon has the same goal as you: selling books. The more books they sell to its users, the happier they'll be. So when their algorithms have a choice between promoting two books with a similar sales history, Amazon will naturally favor the one with greater on-page conversion. They know the extra traffic they send to that book page will turn into more sales than the other book.As a result, one of the worst things that can happen to an author on Amazon is to get a lot of traffic with very poor conversion. This will immediately flag the book to Amazon's algorithms as a "loser," and it'll never get recommended.So in short, on Amazon, conversion is even more important than traffic which is why you must, first and foremost, focus on optimizing your KDP book's Amazon product pages.Optimizing your KDP book’s Amazon product pageNow, let’s talk about how you get the sky-scraping conversion rate of your dreams. Youà ¢â‚¬â„¢ll need an Amazon product page that tempts viewers into hitting â€Å"Buy now with 1-Click.† Remember that workplace cliche about dressing for the job you want and not the job you have? While we don’t recommend aping your boss’s favorite suit, this principle does apply to maximizing conversion on your product page.To be a bestseller, your book should look like a bestseller. That means dressing your words up in the right packaging, so they seem worthy of book club adulation and blogosphere hype. To achieve that, you’ll need to optimize your product page with three things:A polished cover;A punchy description; andBook reviews.As a bonus, set up an author page on Amazon Central with a bio that tells your story as engagingly as possible.1. Create a polished coverSay I'm a bookworm shopping for my next read. As a huge fan of Ender’s Game, I want something in the same vein, so browse around the Kindle Store. Do you know how many books there are in that Military Science Fiction category? More than 20,000.A lot of these might be self-published, but a good number of them also come from traditional publishing companies. These industry behemoths have four-figure design budgets and will producing pixel-perfect book covers. 3. Leverage your existing audienceThis one’s pretty obvious. If you have an existing audience - whether that’s a sizable mailing list, thousands of Twitter followers, or a horde of disciples who follow you wherever you go - let them know about your book.Unless, and we can’t stress this enough, your existing audience doesn’t read in your genre. Make sure you don’t t pollute your Also Boughts!4. Cross-promote with other authorsA great way to reach new readers is to cross-promote with other authors.   Plenty of indie authors do that through newsletter swaps: you promote their new release to your mailing list, and they do the same for you when you launch your book.Of course, this only works if you have a mailing list. So if you don’t, you know what you should do next.5. AdvertiseAnother sure-fire to reach new readers? Leverage the three main advertising platforms that have proven successful for authors selling their books:Facebook advertising : take our free course here;Amazon advertising: yep, we also have a free course for those;Bookbub advertising: I’ll let you guess where this link will take you.Amazon ads can be pretty effective at providing a solid baseline of sales - even at full-price. But Facebook and BookBub will work much, much better if your book is discounted (or free), and they are also a lot easier to scale.If this is your first time publishing a book, don’t worry: you don’t need to do all these things. You just need to plan your launch well, and try at least some of these tactics.And remember, if you want an experienced professional to help you along the way, we’ve handpicked specialist book marketers on Reedsy who do just that. So don’t hesitate to get in touch and ask them for a quote!Have you joined the ranks of indie authors publishing through KDP? What do you wish you’d known before you started? Tell us about your experiences or drop some pearls of wisdom be low!

Self interest rightly understood VS altruism Essay

Self interest rightly understood VS altruism - Essay Example Although everybody has his or her own life, the principle of self-interest rightly understood underlies the concept of mutual interdependency among a democratic American society. Another important point is the admirable conformity of self-interest to human weaknesses. It is easy to learn and retain the traits of altruism and combine personal interests towards a common good that override selfish interests of individuality. An example of the concept of self-interest rightly understood is its self-regarding nature that connects a person’s private life with that of others in the society. The article mentions that it is a remedy to unnecessary individualism and self-centeredness. Self-interest rightly understood encourages collectivism regarding altruism in a way that convinces people that their actions in the society still come back to them and affect their private life. The article cites Montaigne who mentions that virtuousness results in happiness in the society. This confirms that a person’s private interest should be to do well and adhere to the traditional doctrine of interest towards common

The Human Genome Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Human Genome Project - Essay Example As the reported given by the US Department of Energy said "The ultimate goal of this initiative is to understand the human genome" and "Knowledge of the human genome is as necessary to the continuing progress of medicine and other health sciences as knowledge of human anatomy has been for the present state of medicine." Officially, the project was founded in 1990 by the US Department of Energy and the US National institute of Health. It was estimated that the project would take 15 years, but advances in sequencing technology led to a faster completion of the project, the project being completed 2 years earlier that estimated, in 2003. Ari Patrinos, who is the head of the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, led the Human genome project that was initiated by the US Department of Energy. However, in the US, the Department of Energy was not the only institution that explored the human genome. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) also gave an effort in determining the huma n genome. From 1988 to 1992 the head of the National Center for Human Genome Research (NCHGR), which was a part of NIH was James Watson, who in April 1993 was replaced with Francis Collins, due to issue of patenting genes. The NCHGR) was also renamed in 1997 into National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI). ... At any given time, the Human Genome Project funded about 200 separate principal investigators. There were also many private research companies that conducted genome research. The most famous privetly owned company that was involved in the Human genome project was the company owned by Craig Venter and his company Celera Genomics, which gave considerable improvement to the project. It must be mentioned that this was also an international effort. There were at least 18 countries who had human genome research programs. Some of the larger programs are in Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, European Union, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Netherlands, Russia, Sweden, United Kingdom, and the United States. Some developing countries also participated in the project, mainly by studying sequencing techniques for genome research. The Human Genome Organisation (HUGO) coordinated this international effort. The estimated finances that were allocated to the Human genome project are around $ 3 billion. These not include the privately funded organizations and companies, but only the government projects. Celera Genomic states that around $ 300 million dollars were spend for the project, which was much less than the government-funded project. There were several main goals of the Human Genome project. The goals did not include only identifying the 3 billion nucleotides located in the DNA and to the discover 25 000 genes located there, but also to: Store this information in databases, Improve tools for data analysis, Transfer related technologies to the private sector, and Address the ethical, legal, and social issues (ELSI) that may arise from the project. Due to the massive funding, interest and international effort as well

Economic Development of FATA Within Pakistan

Economic Development of FATA Within Pakistan Introduction 1. Situated midway along Pakistans border with Afghanistan is a wedge of rugged terrain, dotted with sparsely populated valleys, home to a dozen Pakhtun tribes and hundreds of clans and sub-tribes. This mountainous land, known as the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), is made up of seven political agencies and six smaller zones, called Frontier Regions, which separate the tribal agencies from the rest of the country. On three sides, FATA is bounded by the settled provinces of Pakistan. The Durand Line forms its western border. In the 19th century, the area held great strategic importance, serving as a buffer between the British colonial government of India and Tsarist Russia. Starting with the 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, the turmoil and instability across the border spilled over into FATA. 2. FATA has remained one of the most insular and isolated corners of the country cut off from the mainstream of Pakistani society. Increasingly impoverished and marginalized, they have become an easy pray to terrorist elements. The overall economic situation of the region has remained below normal level due to governmental policies coupled with overall economic decline in the country due to the after effects of GWOT.In the succeeding paragraph an attempt has been made to analyze economic potentials of FATA with a view to initiate an economic development drive in the region. The aim remains to bring facilities of life to its people eradicating social deprivation. Aim 3. To carry out a detailed analysis of present eco sit of Pakistan, with a view to recommend measures for a sustained economic development process within Pakistans economic capacity to spearhead an economic development process in FATA in specific and Pakistan in general. 4. Sequence. The research paper haws been divided into following major parts:- Part I Pakistan Economic Review Problems of Pakistani Economy Part II FATA Economy Agency wise economic potential Recommendations to improve FATA Economy c. Part-IV Budgetary Allocation Recommendations for Sector Wise and Consolidated Budgetary Allocation Part III Economic Developments Models for Development of FATA Reconstruction Opportunity Zones (ROZs) FATA Sustainable Development Program (SDP) GCC EU Friends of FATA Fund (FFF) Recommended Framework PART I 5. Pakistan Economic Overview. Pakistans economy has been fluctuating throughout its 55 years history. The deplorable state of the economy was the result of many years of economic mismanagement and imprudent economics policies of the successive governments. The tragic events of September 11 and their aftermath further exacerbated the already difficult emerging situation on the global economic scene  [1]  . 6. Problems of Pakistani Economy. Few of the major ones are: Political Instability. In Pakistan governance is characterized by uncertain policies, ineffective implementation, limited accountability to clients, regulatory overhangs, and failure of the legal system to provide timely recourse. Lack of Long Term Planning. Despite the establishment of planning commission in 1953, there has not been any meaningful planning. Futuristic needs/trends have not been catered for by so called planners. Nationalisation versus Privatisation. In the past 60 years the country has oscillated between the two options and even now the privatisation drive is marred by personal interests and lack of transparency. Bad Governance. Usually competent/professional people have not governed the state-controlled industries. This had pronounced effect on overall poor output of these units. Poor Banking System. Our banking system has not supported the growth of economy. Money of innocent people deposited with these banks has been loaned to influential people that now stand defaulted. Large Trade Deficit. In 2009, 80% of our imports were financed by our export earnings. This ratio has come down to only 50%, it may go up to 60% but a gap of 40% of financing needs in order to keep with the import level still exists  [2]  . Fiscal Deficit. Pakistans government takes away 20% of national income as its own. 80% is left in the private sector and 20% in the hands of the government is spent on defence, debt servicing, development on education, health, general administration etc  [3]  . Declining Foreign Trade. In 1990, Pakistans share was 0.2% of the world trade. After 20 years it has come down to 0.12% in a very buoyant world economy  [4]  .Pakistan is stuck with only a few commodities textiles, leather, rice, sports, goods and the surgical goods. Poor Economic Indicators. Pakistans indicators in literacy, infant mortality, in access to water supply, primary enrolment ratios are more comparable to Africa rather than to the countries of similar per capita income. Energy Crisis. Our industry is at a disadvantage that they get the orders from foreign countries but they cannot execute the orders because there are electricity outages and in addition of cost of production becomes higher than international competitors. Law and Order Situation. In 2007, Pakistan was one of the most favourite countries among the international investor community  [5]  .However, in two years time we have missed that boat due to alarming law and order situation in the country. Faulty Taxation System. Indirect taxes account for about 80 % of tax revenues, with nearly half of this coming from trade-related taxes  [6]  . This narrowness of the tax base can be traced to weak tax administration. Smuggling / Black Economy. Independent economic analysts estimate an annual direct revenue loss of 25 billion rupees (US$540 Million) to the government because of smuggling  [7]  . Export / Import Imbalances. This is usually over US$ 3-4 billion per annum. The reason is heavy production cost and our inability to convert raw materials into finished goods  [8]  . Heavy External Debt. With over US$ 32 billion, as external debt, even our future economic development is at stake  [9]  . Population Growth. This over hanging liability is a constant disadvantage to our overall economic growth. The effects of our economic growth are eaten away by the rapid growth of population  [10]  . Unrealistic Economic Policies. The absence of competent economist in planning departments of the government has adversely effected the economic growth. Human Resources Management. Pakistan expenditure on social development sector has remained poor. The talent is going to foreign countries due to mismanagement  [11]  . Exports. The Rapidly growing competition in international markets coupled with improved quality standards has resulted in substantial decrease of share in foreign trade. Poor Literacy Rate. Pakistans primary and secondary school enrollment rates are considerably low. The average adult literacy rate is less than 50%.  [12]  . PART II FATA ECONOMY 7. The rural economy is chiefly pastoral, with agriculture practiced in a few fertile valleys. The local economy operates on an informal basis and is undocumented, since few laws providing for the regulation of economic activity have been extended Most households are engaged in primary-level subsistence agriculture and livestock rearing. Some are involved in business and trading, or find employment in the small-scale commercial and industrial sectors. Those unable to earn a living at home migrate to other parts of the country or travel abroad in search of work. Women take active part in agricultural activities, collect fuel wood and fetch water, in addition to attending to household work and family duties. 8. Agriculture  [13]   Small landholders make up the majority of farmers and engage in agriculture mainly at the subsistence level, characterized by the underutilization of land, poor productivity and risk- adverse behavior. Only 7 per cent of the total geographic area of FATA is cultivated, with another 1 per cent recorded as fallow, accounting for roughly half of all potentially cultivable land. Overall production and per-hectare yields in FATA compare poorly to figures for the country as a whole. The yield per hectare for wheat in FATA is just 38 per cent of the national. 9. Poultry and Livestock  [14]   Livestock and poultry are an essential component of the rural economy, providing income support for most farm households. The size of the herd depends on the households capacity to purchase animal feed in the winter and spring months, when natural fodder is thin on the ground. Some 4.9 million ruminants and 6.7 million birds are being reared across FATA.Fish farming is practised mainly at the household level on wasteland and marginal lands. 10. Commerce and Trade  [15]   Commerce and trade form a major source of livelihood in the tribal areas, second only to agriculture. Historically, and particularly during the 1980s, the region was a major centre for opium production and trafficking. Today, the transit trade with Afghanistan provides employment for the local population. 11. Industry  [16]   Industrial activity is restricted primarily to small, owner-financed units, operating without government oversight Some mineral extraction is taking place in various agencies, using outdated technology and antiquated methods. Many seek employment as short-term unskilled labourers or enlist in the local security and paramilitary forces. Those who are able to travel find work in cities across Pakistan as well as in the Middle East. There is considerable local expertise in the manufacture of weapons but production is not regulated and export to the settled areas is illegal. 12. Forests  [17]   Forests are an integral part of the rural economy, playing a significant role in local livelihoods particularly in the mountainous regions. The forest cover is declining rapidly as a result of timber extraction, prolonged periods of drought, uncontrolled grazing, and pressure from fuel wood and fodder collection. Over-exploitation has also affected the natural regenerative capacity of forests. With forest resources rapidly disappearing, the environmental services provided by natural ecosystems have also diminished. Rangeland and pasture areas are in a depleted state, partly from overgrazing but also because of extended periods of drought. 13. Economic Potential Available. A variety of economic potential exists in the tribal areas depending upon the population, land, geography, and vicinity of the Afghan border. These will be covered as per the existing administrative set up of the areas.The agency wise economic potential is covered in succeeding pqrqraphs  [18]  :- 15. Dir, Swat, Bajur and Chitral Agency. As per the old records the major source of economy has been Agriculture. Where so ever agriculture is possible majority of the population depends upon agriculture, but the produce is not sufficient to sustain the complete population therefore grain and certain other items have to be imported from other parts of the country. The second major source of economy has been cattle farming. It is still common in all the highland country and people involved in this profession spend a nomadic life shifting their abode in search of pastures and with the severity of weather. Mineral to include Iron and Copper are also found in the Khashkar valley of Bajour Agency, these are being mined in certain areas and few villages are totally employed in this profession. Inferior Cotton Carpets and Shawls are also made in these areas through which a number of families are sustaining their livelyhood. Forests have been another major source of income and have contribut ed in the overall revenue generation from the area. Deodar forests of upper Dir valley are a famous source of income to thousands of people. Although these are protected by Forest department yet certain rights have been secured by the local population to sustain their livelihood. 16. Mohmand Agency. The Mohmand country comprises barren hills and a little of fertile alluvial plains between the doab of the rivers. Major produce is Grass, Dwarf Palm, Firewood and charcoal. But this produce is meager enough to sustain the population; therefore reliance of majority of the population is on trade through Khyber Pass from Afghanistan. It has been replaced by smuggling of drugs, weapons and other electronic item of Afghan transit trade which passes through Khyber pass. 17. Khyber Agency. The Khyber Pass is the great northern route from Afghanistan into Pakistan and India, while Kurram and Gomal Passes form intermediate communications. Agriculture has been the major source of sustenance besides trade. A limited cottage industry of gun manufacturing also exists in Bara area of Khyber Agency. Now a days smuggling through Afghan transit trade is the main stay of the economy along with drug trafficking and gun running. Cattle farming as a tradition have always been supporting the tribes in Khyber Agency. The Mullagori marble deposits are one of the largest marble deposits of the world. Other mineral deposits in Khyber Agency include soapstone, limestone, dolomite, ciliate, silica sand, barite, mica, and graphite. Marble deposits are found in Mullagori, Sultan Khel, Ghundai Sarand and Loe Shalman. Soapstone is the second most important mineral of Khyber Agency. The major deposit lies 7 kilometres from Jamrud Bazaar. The mineral production figures for the year 2003-2004 include 7260 tons marble, 1,82,160 tons of lime stone, 1200 tons of soapstone and 110 tons of barite. Khyber Agency has a very low industrial base having only three industrial units of significance including the Bara Ghee Mills and two cigarette factories namely One More Cigarette Factory and Tatara Cigarette factory with a total employment estimated at 525 persons. There are other small silk processing units at Alam Gudar Bara, which is basically a cottage industry. 18. Orakzai Agency. Named on a pathan tribe inhabiting the Northern slopes of the Samana range and the adjoining valleys of Tirah. The major source of income is as per Khyber agency agriculture; however a small industry of gun manufacturing also exists in the area. Poppy cultivation, drug smuggling has gained momentum in these areas over the last two decades. 19. Kurram Agency. The Agency has an area of about 1,278 square miles. Agriculture is the major profession in the area. Wherever water is available the soil is highly productive. Major crops are maize, wheat, rice, barley and clover. Apples, pears, grapes, cherries, pomegranates, peaches, and a fruit peculiar to the Kurrram and Tirah, known as the Shalil also grow in abundance and are one of the huge income earning sources. It is said that famine is unknown in Kurram. The agency is accessible from Kohat by the Khushalgarh Kohat Thal branch of the Railway and road link also exists. Forests of Blue Pine and Chinar contribute to the economy of the agency a great deal. 20. North Waziristan. The agency comprises of four large and fertile valleys. These valleys are irrigated by the Kurram, Tochi and Gomal rivers respectively. The lands of the valley are extremely rich, and grow heavy crops of maize, rice, sugar cane, wheat. Agriculture is the major backbone of the economy however smuggling also brings a lot of cash in the agency. Forests of Mulberry, chinar, willow, gurgura and wild olive are also abundant on the slopes of the mountain which can be exploited to bring huge finances in the area. Fruit orchards of apple, apricot and peaches also contribute to the economy of the agency. Cattle forming is also a major source of livelyhood in Pashtoon tribes of the agency. 21. South Waziristan. The lands which lie close to the numerous streams are well cultivated; their extent is insufficient to produce grain for the whole population. Wheat, barley, rice, maize and millet are the chief crops; these are often cut when green for fodder, springing up again before the harvest. Fruit orchards of apple and peaches are also contributing in the economy of the area. The chief mineral product is iron, which is found and smelted in many places, especially in the hills above Makin. Forests include wild olive, gurgura and dwarf palm trees. Mats and ropes are made of the dwarf palm by the men and the women weave rough cloth from wool and blankets from goats hair. Cattle farming is also very common in many a tribes in the area specially the Ghilzai Powindas. Trade has also been a famous profession in the area due to the link through Gomal Pass. It still continues with an amalgamation of smuggling. In certain areas of the agency poppy cultivation has also been reporte d, which is being controlled now days. Recommendations 13. The following is recommended to fasten the rate of development work in FATA to boast its economy and bring it in line with the settled areas of Pakistan:- Development Plan. The Central Government should allocate funds and provide loans to tribesmen organisations and individuals. The loans should be provided on minimal mark up rates and private and public sectors should be encouraged to assist the tribal organisations to develop viable and resource generating economic ventures of their own  [19]  . Share in National Finance Commission (NFC) Awards. NFC Award is based on the population of each province. In view of governments drive to bring FATA into the national mainstream, it is imperative that it be included in the NFC Awards as a separate entity. Transparent Financial Management. A system of transparent financial management should be evolved with participation of general public. The authority of auditor general should be extended to FATA and proper audit of accounts of all government departments should be carried out. Trade Sector. The international efforts for re-construction in Afghanistan and opening up of trade routes to CARs (Central Asia Republics) offer great economic opportunities for Pakistan with an annual trade which may fetch up to one billion dollars. Creation of environments conducive to trade will greatly help in improvement of economic situation. Following measures will help in this regard:- Opening of Trade Routes. Formal trade routes between Pakistan and Afghanistan should be opened on priority e.g. Ghulam Khan Route between Miranshah and Khost Custom Regulations. Relaxed custom regulations to encourage legalization of informal (smuggling) trade. Tribal Chamber of Commerce. The establishment of a Tribal Chamber of Commerce would enable the tribal traders to have better interaction with the national and international markets. Tribal National Bank. It should provide financial services, counselling and planning ability necessary to free the tribesmen from the isolation of an economic island in which they had been living for centuries. Agriculture Sector  [20]  . Agriculture sector can provide a substantive base for economic development. Following measures are recommended in this regard: Adopt the pocket area approach to focus on the production of specific crops in identified production zones. Improve water management practices by introducing efficient water use technologies, and constructing small dams, ponds and reservoirs. Reclaim cultivable wasteland through dry land agriculture. Introduce the use of bio-pesticides. Irrigation network needs to be developed by construction of small dams, check dams and channels. A land settlement system should be evolved on modern lines. Processing facilities should be provided to ensure proper packing and canning of fresh and dry fruit for international markets. Grafting of wild olive trees with fruit bearing species. Fruit culture and off-season vegetables with free fruit saplings and experts. Model fish farms have also been constructed to encourage locals to adapt to the modern systems of enhancing their income. Forestry Sector  [21]  . Forestry sector needs to be explored for economic improvement in the area. Following steps are recommended to be undertaken:- Launching of a conservation campaign for the forests. Encouraging plantation of new trees by provision of free saplings. Establishment of checks for smuggling of timber to Afghanistan. Modernization of timber industry in the area. Provision of assistance to locals for olive grafting and plantation of oaks and chalghoza pines. Live Stock Sector  [22]  . Following steps are recommended in this regard: Improve access to services, including animal health services. Increase the number of female livestock extension workers. Make feed and fodder widely available. Improve the condition and productivity of rangeland, in collaboration with research institutions and the forest department. Introduce new species of fodder, in collaboration with research institutions, farmers, tribes and herders. Enhance livestock production through breed improvement. Set up marketing facilities for farmers. Improve rural infrastructure and access to markets. Declare pocket areas for dairy production, with linkages to agro industry for marketing and service delivery. Ensure that savings and credit services are available to support micro enterprise and on-farm income generation activities. Enable farmers to improve marketing by providing information. Mobilise local communities, and establish linkages with public- and private-sector services for technical assistance and inputs. Encourage and support the establishment of livestock- and poultry-based industry. Develop a database, carry out resource mapping and set up information system to assist in planning and monitoring. Conduct research into animal nutrition and breed improvement. Raise awareness about the importance of the sector in terms of livelihood security, and lobby for adequate funding. Establishment of new veterinary hospitals and artificial insemination centres. Setting up of government subsidized live stock markets. Provision of incentives in the form of easy loans. Establishment of food processing facilities for canning of meat. Minerals Sector  [23]  . FATA has great potential of mineral resources. In order to increase productivity in the mining sector and improve the quality of the product, following strategies will be adopted:- Legal framework governing mining activities to encompass leasing, dispute resolution mechanisms and regulation. Increase the productivity of mines by adopting modern methods to boost quality and reduce wastage. Introduce new technologies through joint ventures on the basis of public-private partnerships. Maintain a healthy workforce by improving safety; develop emergency evacuation procedures. Improve the quality of human resources through intensive training. Following needs to be done to improve the situation in this sector:- (a) To encourage tribesmen either in joint ventures or lease agreements with public and private sectors. (b) The whole of FATA needs to be brought under geological survey mapping. (c) Special funds should for mineral exploration and development on modern lines. i. Industrial Sector  [24]  . However, there is a great potential available for development of certain industries in the area which should be exploited by public and private sector. These include following:- Construction material including cement. Decorative material including wood and marble products. Defence related industries including manufacture of small arms and ammunition. Public and private sectors should be encouraged to set up small scale industries. The option of establishing clusters or pockets in industrial parks will be explored. To set up training centres within functioning industrial units, for marble processing, mining, light engineering or footwear manufacture. Organise local craftsmen into trade guilds for promoting best practice, standardisation and quality control. Set up a regulatory authority for formulating investment-friendly policies through dialogue with stakeholders. Strengthen infrastructure in the region, including roads, electricity and water supply. Hold a regular dialogue with local tribes to promote investment. Short-term mining courses can be arranged by the mining department at the Peshawar University of Engineering and Technology. j. Tourism Sector  [25]  . Recommendations in this regard are as follows: Develop tourist facilities and services at selected locations. Facilitate private-sector involvement in the sector. Promote areas that already witness some degree of tourist activity. Encourage and facilitate inter-agency exchange visits and tours. Carry out research on the cultural and natural heritage of the area, and make this information widely available. k. Infrastructure Development. Following measures are recommended in this regard:- Rehabilitate roads for better connectivity to strategic locations. Construct new roads in remote or underdeveloped areas to generate economic opportunities and improve security. Build new bridges and rehabilitate damaged bridges. l. Good Governance. Good governance is a key prerequisite for achieving the goals set out in the economic development of FATA. Governance system is participatory, supported by a robust legal framework with active public consultations. m. Law and Order. Another basic requirement for socio-economic development is human security. This is of course a critical issue for the people but security is equally important to service providers and government officials who travel to and work in the area. In this regard following is recommended  [26]  : Reinforcement of the Frontier Corps with more manpower, modern equipment, mobility, intelligence, higher salaries and training in counterinsurgency. Properly trained, better equipped and reformed FATA police and Khasadar Force. Fencing of Pak-Afghan border with monitoring sensors Afghanistan and selected crossing places. Phase wise handing over of areas to FC and local Law Enforcement Agencies. n. Conflict Resolution. The people of FATA have long been accustomed to use of violent means for settling of conflict between the members of different tribes and clans. Although an indigenous mechanism for conflict resolution already exists in the form of the jirga, there is perhaps a need to find ways to prevent conflict from occurring in the first place. In this connection, it is worth exploring the possibility of a set of rules and regulations, arrived at by mutual consensus, to serve as a basic charter or code of conduct for peaceful coexistence. o. Private Sector Participation. The private sector has to play a crucial role in achieving the targets of economic development in FATA. The government must improve the framework conditions for the development of the private sector, and encourage public-private partnerships. Budgetary Allocation 14. Each year, the federal government sets aside a block allocation, known as the Annual Development Programme (ADP), intended exclusively for development expenditure. This allocation, disbursed according to province, region, sector or project, is part of the federally funded Pubic Sector Development Programme (PSDP).FATA receives an annual share of ADP funding. In addition to the ADP, the PSDP provides separate funds for programmes and projects in various agencies and FRs, and contributes to donor-assisted initiatives 15. Sector-specific allocations from the ADP are made at the Civil Secretariat FATA, based on priorities and needs. Although the development budget is not intended to finance salaries or recurrent liabilities, in practice this is often the case. Insufficient allocations for repairs and maintenance, meanwhile, mean that some of these costs are also met through the development budget  [27]  . Sector Wise and Consolidated Budgetary Allocation. 16. Details are attached as Annexure A. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT MODELS FOR FATA 17. ROZ (Reconstruction Opportunity Zones) Model  [28]  . ROZs would be a specific type of export processing zone, and thus part of a world-wide network of free trade zones

CVS stops selling tobacco products Essay

Reason, declared Kant, is the source and ultimate basis for morality. Morality wholly rests in pure, innate reason and not in intuition, conscience, law, or utility. The standard of morality, therefore, is inherent in the human mind; it is definable only in terms of the mind; and it is derived from one’s innerself by direct perception (Cavico & Mujtaba, 2013). According to Kant, in order to be moral, one has to be rational. â€Å"The right use of reason is directed to moral ends† (Cavico & Mujtaba, 2009). A person has to think rationally, he or she does not have think only about self-interest. As a result of that, there is no place for such thing as Ethical Egoism. People should be treated with dignity and respect. Kant presumes that human beings are rational and can utilize reason (Cavico & Mujtaba, 2009). Kant called the supreme ethical principles the Categorical Imperative. This principle is necessary element of human reason and foundation upon which rest all moral judgments (Cavico & Mujtaba, 2013). Kant’s method has three parts of testing, which are used for identification whether or not an action is moral. No matter in what kind of situation a person can be, a rational individual performs an action because he or she has a moral obligation and duty. Application of Kantian Ethical Analysis The categorical Imperative is not a principle of action itself; instead, it ethically lays down the form a moral maxim must take. Thus, said Kant, reason indicates that a moral action must have a certain form. The ethics â€Å"test† is a formal test (Cavico & Mujtaba, 2013). Literally, a person has to indicate whether his/her actions would be successful or would be considered as a self-destruction. In this case, the test will determine that situation with the company such CVS will be most likely successful. One of the main reasons that the company is doing this, is to show the public and competitors that it really cares about the health and well-being of its customers and the nation. By taking out all tobacco products from all CVS stores in the United States, the administration of the company who have main input in the way how the firm works, would really benefit. In general public might be surprised that CVS are going to aim on people’s health. In this kind of situatio n many things will change and increase in the business, things as trust and confidence would be maintained. So, action passes the  first test. The second test states that every person should be treated with dignity, respect and as a valuable and worthwhile entity (Cavico & Mujtaba, 2009).This test involves by itself shareholders, employee, employer, consumers, and society as well. In this case some people have different point of view, some of them firmly believe that they have the right to buy any products they like or to do whatever they chose to do. There is an argument, which explains that it might be unethical for the company like CVS to make people uncomfortable for purchasing tobacco products. CVS does not show any respect for smokers. They feel themselves not welcomed. According to Kantian theory CVS should need to make sure that their clients feel comfortable and welcome in the drugstores, no matter what kind of products are sold. CVS has to analyze and think about customers themselves, not only about profits, even though that basically, the idea of having business is for income purpose. To conform with the Kantian views, the company like CVS which is one of the largest drugstore chains in the United States, should pay more attention for its prosperity, rather than a little aspect of the firm to have some profits. Kant assumes that people cannot take advantage of another person. Additionally, it also explains that people cannot act and do anything without full comprehension and permission of the person. An individual needs someone’s logical, intellectual, complete agreement for this to happen. In this situation, people can think differently. Some of them can support CVS for the idea of removing tobacco products from pharmacy place, because it is ethical and some of them firmly argue with this statement. Even though that the people deeply understand that the products they were purchasing have the risks for their health and very harmful for their organisms. According to this information, the second test will definitely fail. The third test is the agent-receiver test which asks whether a rational person would accept the action or rule regardless of whether he or she was the agent or the receiver of the action (Cavico & Mujtaba, 2009). So, the main cost of this change would be a major loss in income. But people can lose their jobs, the managers and executives will feel decrease in salaries. Many employees may be in danger of losing a job. Moreover, the prices of shares of stocks will decrease, then shareholders  could be in danger of losing earnings. These are all the possible ways of banning all packs of cigarettes from CVS stores. Nevertheless, analytics of the company predicts that the benefits that CVS would get of trust and confidence would be worth the danger of losing profit. By stop selling tobacco products and removing all sweets from the drugstores as well, the firm would have to reassess how and in what kind of ways it can have its income. It will be very difficult to survive for the company, especially in the beginning of this change. It has a worse outcome than just minor loss in sales. The company would have a very negative effect from this and many people would not have a benefit as well. In this case, customers and employees would lose. Because of CVS stops selling cigarettes, as we mentioned above, many people will lose their potential jobs, therefore , the third test certainly will not pass. Only if the company will help their employees by giving them recommendation letters and providing with rà ©sumà ©/interview training, the third test might be considered as passed. But as long as, the action of CVS is going to be presented in October of this year. We still do not know whether they will help their employer or not. So, at this moment of time, this action is considered as not passed. Moral Conclusion Pursuant to Kantian Ethical Model An action is morally right if it has a certain form, and morally wrong if it does not have that form. The Form, the Categorical Imperative, is the first, supreme, fundamental principle in ethics. It is the form a moral action must have; it provides the ultimate standard by which one test can test action, rules, beliefs, and standards to determine if they are moral (Cavico & Mujtaba, 2013). Based on Kant’s ethics, the action of CVS pharmacy about removing tobacco products from the stores can be considered moral, only if it passes the Categorical Imperative tests. Some type of questions must be considered such as, is this action only benefiting the company or others as well? How would CVS feel if others performed this action? If the firm rationalized its actions, they would be moral. First of all, if everyone takes the same action that took CVS, the world will become healthy. We will not see any more death as a result of tobacco products. CVS has always functioned very well with good ratings in customers service and with high earnings. Even with a ban of tobacco in October, the company is still  one of the leading pharmacies in the country. Nevertheless, this new plan may not make everyone in society happy. Some people, most likely smokers think that this ban is unfair and unethical, but managers and executives thought that it was the right step for the healthy future and for the business. As a result of this decision, the company will gain trust from its consumers, which will result in a more successful firm. In other words, smokers will not be treated equally with other people with respect and dignity, therefore the second test will fail. Overall, if CVS will take care of people who probably will lose their jobs, the third test can be considered as passed. Despite the problems with Kantian ethics, Kant’s very important accomplishment was to underscore, and to appreciate, people as free, rational, moral beings, with individuals rights and self-im posed duties to respect others (Cavico & Mujtaba, 2013). In conclusion, CVS’s incredible decision involves long term perspective and sacrifices. The administration of the company has a solid strategy of how to operate the company and all of the stores. With a great plan on operations, they are able to have a successful business. As long as, it is such a large company, these changes will be beneficial, even with some people against the stores, unless there is another major change to products in the near future.

The Key to Successful College Program Essay Samples

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Fennos Congress and the Grassroots - 1501 Words

Fenno’s Congress and the Grassroots Jack Flynt’s reelection and primary constituencies between his transitional and new districts are both similar and different in certain aspects. The transitional district was around from 1966 to 1970. Flynt’s transitional district represented about sixteen counties which added up to a population of about 323,000. The traditional district was not too different from his original district. â€Å"The district’s dominant economic interest was textiles, farming, and some light metal and food-processing industries† (Fenno, 2000, 16). The district was a one-party Democratic district which meant that the only â€Å"serious primary contest Flynt ever had in this district was his initial 1954 victory† (Fenno, 2000, 17).†¦show more content†¦Not only were the larger counties becoming more suburbanized but Flynt’s primary constituents were shifting to the Republican Party. Flynt had a decision to make. Should he change his representational stra tegy? or not? The new district proved to be a bigger problem than Flynt had thought, the redistricting would be the cause of the closeness of his 1974 and 1976 reelection contest. Jack Flynt was a Southern Conservative Democrat who believed in a â€Å"personal-to-person† representational strategy, in other words he viewed himself as a representative of the people. Flynt preferred working with the people rather than discussing the policies which hurt his chances for reelection in 1974 and 1976. The closeness of Jack Flynt’s 1974 and 1976 reelection contests is due to his new district and the failure of his person-to-person strategy. The new district was â€Å"pushed northward into the near suburbs of Atlanta and up to the city line† (Fenno, 2000, 51). In this redistricting Flynt would be â€Å"picking up 120,000 unwanted and unfamiliar suburbanites on the southern rim of Atlanta’s own Fulton County, along with 30,000 more in suburban Doulgas County† (Fenno, 2000, 52). The new district â€Å"brought former Democrats as well as people moving from the cities to the suburbs which would institutionalize Republicanism in Georgiaà ¢â‚¬  (Fenno, 2000, 62).